Optimal. Leaf size=180 \[ \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+1\right )-\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+1\right )+\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\right )-\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\right ) \]
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Rubi [A] time = 0.12236, antiderivative size = 180, normalized size of antiderivative = 1., number of steps used = 9, number of rules used = 6, integrand size = 33, \(\frac{\text{number of rules}}{\text{integrand size}}\) = 0.182, Rules used = {1423, 1161, 618, 204, 1164, 628} \[ \frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (x^2-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+1\right )-\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (x^2+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+1\right )+\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\right )-\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{2 x+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\right ) \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Rule 1423
Rule 1161
Rule 618
Rule 204
Rule 1164
Rule 628
Rubi steps
\begin{align*} \int \frac{3-2 \sqrt{3}+\left (-3+\sqrt{3}\right ) x^4}{1-x^4+x^8} \, dx &=\frac{\int \frac{\sqrt{3} \left (3-2 \sqrt{3}\right )+\left (-6+3 \sqrt{3}\right ) x^2}{1-\sqrt{3} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt{3}}+\frac{\int \frac{\sqrt{3} \left (3-2 \sqrt{3}\right )+\left (6-3 \sqrt{3}\right ) x^2}{1+\sqrt{3} x^2+x^4} \, dx}{2 \sqrt{3}}\\ &=\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \int \frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}+2 x}{-1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x-x^2} \, dx+\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \int \frac{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}-2 x}{-1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x-x^2} \, dx-\frac{1}{4} \left (-3+2 \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{1}{1-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}} x+x^2} \, dx-\frac{1}{4} \left (-3+2 \sqrt{3}\right ) \int \frac{1}{1+\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}} x+x^2} \, dx\\ &=\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+x^2\right )-\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+x^2\right )-\frac{1}{2} \left (3-2 \sqrt{3}\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2+\sqrt{3}-x^2} \, dx,x,-\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}+2 x\right )-\frac{1}{2} \left (3-2 \sqrt{3}\right ) \operatorname{Subst}\left (\int \frac{1}{-2+\sqrt{3}-x^2} \, dx,x,\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}+2 x\right )\\ &=\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{6-3 \sqrt{3}} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}-2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\right )-\frac{1}{2} \sqrt{6-3 \sqrt{3}} \tan ^{-1}\left (\frac{\sqrt{2+\sqrt{3}}+2 x}{\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}}}\right )+\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (1-\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+x^2\right )-\frac{1}{4} \sqrt{3 \left (2-\sqrt{3}\right )} \log \left (1+\sqrt{2-\sqrt{3}} x+x^2\right )\\ \end{align*}
Mathematica [C] time = 0.0460575, size = 89, normalized size = 0.49 \[ \frac{1}{4} \text{RootSum}\left [\text{$\#$1}^8-\text{$\#$1}^4+1\& ,\frac{\sqrt{3} \text{$\#$1}^4 \log (x-\text{$\#$1})-3 \text{$\#$1}^4 \log (x-\text{$\#$1})-2 \sqrt{3} \log (x-\text{$\#$1})+3 \log (x-\text{$\#$1})}{2 \text{$\#$1}^7-\text{$\#$1}^3}\& \right ] \]
Antiderivative was successfully verified.
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Maple [C] time = 0.01, size = 62, normalized size = 0.3 \begin{align*}{\frac{1}{8}\sum _{{\it \_R}={\it RootOf} \left ({{\it \_Z}}^{8}-{{\it \_Z}}^{4}+1 \right ) }{\frac{ \left ( -6\,{{\it \_R}}^{4}+2\,\sqrt{3}{{\it \_R}}^{4}+ \left ( -3+\sqrt{3} \right ) \left ( \sqrt{3}-1 \right ) \right ) \ln \left ( x-{\it \_R} \right ) }{2\,{{\it \_R}}^{7}-{{\it \_R}}^{3}}}} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Maxima [F] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \int \frac{x^{4}{\left (\sqrt{3} - 3\right )} - 2 \, \sqrt{3} + 3}{x^{8} - x^{4} + 1}\,{d x} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Fricas [A] time = 1.43674, size = 436, normalized size = 2.42 \begin{align*} -\frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, x^{3}{\left (2 \, \sqrt{3} + 3\right )} \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6} - \frac{1}{3} \, x{\left (\sqrt{3} + 3\right )} \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6}\right ) - \frac{1}{2} \, \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6} \arctan \left (\frac{1}{3} \, x{\left (2 \, \sqrt{3} + 3\right )} \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6}\right ) + \frac{1}{4} \, \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6} \log \left (\frac{3 \, x^{2} - \sqrt{3} x \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6} + 3}{3 \, x^{2} + \sqrt{3} x \sqrt{-3 \, \sqrt{3} + 6} + 3}\right ) \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Sympy [F(-2)] time = 0., size = 0, normalized size = 0. \begin{align*} \text{Exception raised: PolynomialError} \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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Giac [A] time = 1.16023, size = 177, normalized size = 0.98 \begin{align*} \frac{1}{4} \,{\left (\sqrt{6} - 3 \, \sqrt{2}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac{4 \, x + \sqrt{6} + \sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}\right ) + \frac{1}{4} \,{\left (\sqrt{6} - 3 \, \sqrt{2}\right )} \arctan \left (\frac{4 \, x - \sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}{\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}}\right ) + \frac{1}{8} \,{\left (\sqrt{6} - 3 \, \sqrt{2}\right )} \log \left (x^{2} + \frac{1}{2} \, x{\left (\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}\right )} + 1\right ) - \frac{1}{8} \,{\left (\sqrt{6} - 3 \, \sqrt{2}\right )} \log \left (x^{2} - \frac{1}{2} \, x{\left (\sqrt{6} - \sqrt{2}\right )} + 1\right ) \end{align*}
Verification of antiderivative is not currently implemented for this CAS.
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